{"id":24418,"date":"2017-04-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/behavioral-descriptors\/"},"modified":"2026-04-17T19:17:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T23:17:06","slug":"behavioral-descriptors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/behavioral-descriptors\/","title":{"rendered":"Behavioral Descriptors &#8211; Options for Job Competency Models"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/competency-models-consulting\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-21130 size-full\" title=\"Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 Options For Job Competency Models\" src=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/photodune-7571634-knowledge-level-concept-xl.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Descriptors\" width=\"800\" height=\"444\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">Much of the value of a competency model comes from its behavioral descriptors. There are thre<\/span><span class=\"s7\">e main options for model builders<\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0to consider: (1) behavioral indicators, (2) evaluative competency levels, and (3) competency levels describing job requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"s10\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">1. Behavioral Indicators<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">The majority of competency models use the first and simplest option, behavioral indicators. Behavioral indicators are descriptions of behaviors and thought patterns that are hypothesized to contribute to superior performance. A competency\u2019s definition represents an underlying ability or trait, and the behavioral indicators describe specific ways in which that ability or trait is demonstrated. For example, in a generic competency framework the competency, \u201cInterpersonal Awareness,\u201d has the following definition and behavioral indicators:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s12\">Interpersonal Awareness<\/span><span class=\"s7\">: \u00a0The ability to notice, interpret, and anticipate others\u2019 concerns and feelings, and to communicate this awareness empathetically to others.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">a)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Understands the interests and important concerns of others.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">b)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Notices and accurately interprets what others are feeling, based on their choice of words, tone of voice, expressions, and other nonverbal behavior.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">c)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Anticipates how others will react to a situation.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">d)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Listens attentively to people\u2019s ideas and concerns.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">e)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Understands both the strengths and weaknesses of others.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">f)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Understands the unspoken meaning in a situation.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">g)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Says or does things to address others\u2019 concerns.<br \/>\n<\/span><span class=\"s7\">h)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Finds non-threatening ways to approach others about sensitive issues.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">When behavioral indicators are used in a specific competency model, they are sometimes altered or written more specifically, to describe how the behavior is demonstrated in this job. For example, indicator (b) above was rewritten for use in a sales competency model:<br \/>\n<\/span><em><span class=\"s7\">&#8220;Notices nonverbal behavior and asks questions, when appropriate, to clarify its meaning&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">Creating good behavioral indicators depends on conducting and analyzing critical event interviews with outstanding performers. Each behavioral indicator is a theme derived from examples from several interviews.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Behavioral indicators can also be taken or adapted from a <a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/products-and-licenses\/workitect-competency-dictionary-license\/\">generic\u00a0<\/a><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/products-and-licenses\/workitect-competency-dictionary-license\/\"><span class=\"s11\">competency dictionary<\/span><\/a><span class=\"s7\">, which includes generic competencies and behavioral indicators previously identified in several competency models.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"s10\"><strong>2. Evaluative Competency Levels<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">The second option for behavioral descriptors is to use evaluative competency levels. Under this option, several key dimensions are identified for each competency, and each dimension is ranked in order of effectiveness. The highest level describes outstanding performance, and the lowest level describes poor performance. Lyle and Signe Spencer used this approach to develop a generic set of competencies with levels. For example, one generic competency, \u201cInterpersonal Understanding,\u201d has two aspects: (a) depth of understanding of others, and (b) listening and responding to others. Listening and responding to others has these levels<\/span><span class=\"s7\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>-1 Unsympathetic<br \/>\n0 \u00a0Not applicable or makes no attempt to listen<br \/>\n1 \u00a0Listens<br \/>\n2 \u00a0Makes self available to listen<br \/>\n3 \u00a0Predicts others\u2019 responses<br \/>\n4 \u00a0Listens responsively<br \/>\n5 \u00a0Acts to help<\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">Each level has more specific behavioral descriptors, which are too lengthy to reproduce here. But, as an example, the behavioral descriptor for Level 4 is, \u201cReflects people\u2019s concerns, is easy to talk to; or responds to people\u2019s concerns by altering own behavior in a helpful, responsive manner.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">When this approach is used, the levels form a behaviorally anchored rating scale. Whether this kind of rating scale improves the reliability and validity of measurement is open to question, since behaviorally anchored rating scales have generally proved to be no more reliable and valid than other, simpler rating scales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">R<\/span><span class=\"s7\">ating scales with three or more levels for each dimension of a competency are\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">generally\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">too cumbersome. There are too many behavioral descriptions to read, when assessing someone on twelve competencies, each with two to four dimensions, with each dimension further broken down into four or more descriptors of different performance levels.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">It may be<\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0more useful to specify only the highest and lowest levels, as in the following example of a rating scale used to assess a competency called \u201cPersonal Credibility:\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/competency-models-consulting\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19978 size-full\" title=\"Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 Options For Job Competency Models\" src=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ResearchReport_Chart_1_300dpi.jpg\" alt=\"rating scales\" width=\"800\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">Creating behavioral descriptors in the form of evaluative performance levels is most useful when performance appraisal is planned as an immediate application. Once the competencies for the job are identified, the content for the rating scales can be determined by meeting with managers of persons in the target job. Key evaluative aspects for each competency can be discussed and identified.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"s10\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">3. Competency Levels Describing Job Requirements<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">A third option for descriptors is to create levels describing the extent to which a competency is required in a particular job. This alternative is most useful when the multiple competency models are being created within an organization and the\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">Human Resources<\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0staff need a way to distinguish the requirements of the different jobs (e.g., to help people within the unit plan career progression paths).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">T<\/span><span class=\"s7\">his approach\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">was used\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">in developing competency models for a variety of jobs in the commercial sales division of a manufacturing company supplying optical fiber for the telecommunications industry. The first step was to agree on a set of generic competencies, including both technical and non-technical ones, to describe the skill requirements for jobs in the commercial sales division. This was accomplished by reviewing, modifying, and adding to a generic\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">competency dictionary. Next, drawing\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">on the generic competency dictionary and other projects involv<\/span><span class=\"s7\">ing competency levels,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s7\">a set of levels for the competencies<\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0was drafted<\/span><span class=\"s7\">. Drafting the levels required first identifying several key dimensions for each competency and then writing behavioral descriptors of several level<\/span><span class=\"s7\">s. In this case, the internal Human Resources<\/span><span class=\"s7\">\u00a0project team wanted three levels specifying basic, intermediate, and advanced demonstrations of each aspect of each competency. The levels for one competency, \u201cEnergizing Others,\u201d are shown below:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/competency-models-consulting\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19979 size-full\" title=\"Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 Options For Job Competency Models\" src=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ResearchReport_Chart_2_300dpi.jpg\" alt=\"competency levels\" width=\"800\" height=\"401\" \/><\/a>As one moves from the basic level to the intermediate and advanced levels, the competency is demonstrated in larger groups and more challenging situations. The behavioral descriptions often target performance outcomes rather than specific behaviors demonstrated to achieve the outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s10\"><span class=\"s7\">In deciding which type of behavioral descriptors to use \u2013 behavioral indicators, evaluative performance levels, or levels describing job requirements \u2013 the most important consideration is how the model will be used. Sometimes, when a model will be used in multiple ways, more than one set of behavioral descriptors may be created. For example, behavioral indicators might be needed to support development planning, and evaluative performance levels to support performance appraisal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>When planning the development of a competency model or models, there are practical\u00a0considerations that affect the design of the project, the format and content of the competency\u00a0model, and the success of the project\u2019s implementation. The following seven questions may be\u00a0useful to Human Resouces professionals responsible for planning and implementation:<\/em><br \/>\n<em>1. What HR application should be included in the initial model building project?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>2. What will the key users of the model need from it?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>3. How should key stakeholders be involved?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>4. How extensive should the data collection be?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>5. How should research be balanced with intuitive approaches?<\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>6. What format of behavioral descriptors will best suit the application?<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>7. How can additional, future competency models be accomodated?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This blog addresses question #6. Each question is\u00a0addressed in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/PDF\/key-questions-to-answer-before-building-competency-models.pdf\">Key Questions\u00a0to Answer before\u00a0Building Competency\u00a0Models<\/a>,\u00a0Adapted From\u00a0Practical Questions for HR Professionals Who Are\u00a0Building Competency Models\u2014a Consultant\u2019s Experience\u00a0By <a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/professional-competency-modeling-team\/\">Dr. Richard S. Mansfield.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-21706\" title=\"Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 Options For Job Competency Models\" src=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Workitect_33018-copy.png\" alt=\"Workitect\" width=\"200\" height=\"66\" \/>To learn more about our <a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/\">products and services<\/a>, and how competencies and competency models can help your organization, call 800-870-9490, email\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:edward.cripe@workitect.com\">edward.cripe@workitect.com<\/a><br \/>\nor use our <a href=\"https:\/\/workitect.com\/competency-based-talent-management-information\/\">contact form<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a9\ufe0f2024, Workitect, Inc.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Much of the value of a competency model comes from its behavioral descriptors. There are three main options for model builders\u00a0to consider: (1) behavioral indicators, (2) evaluative competency levels, and (3) competency levels describing job requirements. 1. Behavioral Indicators The majority of competency models use the first and simplest option, behavioral indicators. Behavioral indicators are&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[37,39,49,46,21,22,41,27],"class_list":["post-24418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-competency-models","tag-assessment","tag-competencies","tag-competency","tag-competency-dictionary","tag-competency-modeling","tag-competency-models","tag-leadership-assessment-development","tag-modeling"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 For Job Competency Models<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Much of the value of a competency model comes from its behavioral descriptors.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Behavioral Descriptors \u2013 For Job Competency Models\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Much of the value of a competency model comes from its behavioral descriptors.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/behavioral-descriptors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Workitect\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-18T04:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-17T23:17:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\/client05\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ResearchReport_Chart_1_300dpi.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"296\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"dev\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"dev\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\\\/client05\\\/behavioral-descriptors\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\\\/client05\\\/behavioral-descriptors\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"dev\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/demo.wwwebdesignstudios.com\\\/client05\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7025b9b32bd54cc3945b6bba65906b18\"},\"headline\":\"Behavioral Descriptors &#8211; 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